托福考试综合教程

ECTION ONE：READING 1

EADING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 2

ggression 3

EADING OVERVIEW 6

mproving Reading Comprehension 8

mproving Vocabulary Skills 9

EADING SKILLS 10

OCABULARY AND REFERENCE 10

KILL 1 UNDERSTAND VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT 10

he Great Red Spot on Jupiter 12

eading Exercise 1 15

ir Pollution 15

utism 17

arasitic Plants 19

dna Ferber 20

KILL 2 RECOGNIZE REFERENTS 22

ornadoes 23

eading Exercise 2 26

ollective Behavior 26

he Smartphone Revolution 27

ew World Epidemics 29

oratio Alger,Jr. 30

eading Exercise（Skills 1-2） 32

oral Colonies 32

ENTENCES 34

KILL 3 RECOGNIZE PARAPHRASES 34

he Moho 34

eading Exercise 3 37

amouflage 37

ost-it？Notes 39

he Pulitzer Prize 41

ompetition and Cooperation 43

KILL 4 INSERT SENTENCES INTO THE PASSAGE 45

ames 46

eading Exercise 4 50

opcorn 50

ions 51

ccidental Inventions 52

eon 54

eading Exercise（Skills 3-4） 55

heodore Dreiser 55

eading Review Exercise（Skills 1-4） 57

ulsars 57

KILL 5 FIND FACTUAL INFORMATION 59

host Words 60

eading Exercise 5 63

ake Baikal 63

he Postage Stamp 64

he Clovis Culture 66

rown Dwarfs 68

KILL 6 IDENTIFY NEGATIVE FACTS 69

oonbows 70

eading Exercise 6 73

latfish 73

imestone Caves 75

hewing Gum 76

issociative Identity Disorder 78

eading Exercise（Skills 5-6） 80

ohn Muir 80

eading Review Exercise（Skills 1-6） 82

aretaker Speech 82

KILL 7 MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS 84

he History of Money 87

eading Exercise 7 90

iger Moths 90

he Cambrian Explosion 91

he Golden Age of Comics 93

he Filibuster 95

KILL 8 INFER RHETORICAL PURPOSE QUESTIONS 97

he Magnetosphere 97

eading Exercise 8 101

erography 101

emographic Change 103

he Hubble Telescope 104

erritoriality 106

eading Exercise（Skills 7-8） 108

lla Deloria 108

eading Review Exercise（Skills 1-8） 110

arly Autos 110

KILL 9 SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATION 113

he Great Compromise 113

eading Exercise 9 117

sland Plant Life 117

en and Jerry's 118

he Bald Eagle 119

odernism in Art 121

KILL 10 COMPLETE ORGANIZATIONAL（SCHEMATIC）TABLES 122

terosaurs 123

eading Exercise 10 126

and Dunes 126

tymology of Words 127

arnivorous Plants 129

emingway and Faulkner 130

eading Exercise（Skills 9-10） 131

pecies 131

eading Review Exercise（Skills 1-10） 133

ecisions 133

EADING POST-TEST 136

quatic Schools 137

ECTION TWO：LISTENING 141

ISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 142

Problem with a Class 143

leep 144

ISTENING OVERVIEW 145

ISTENING SKILLS 147

ASIC COMPREHENSION 147

KILL 1 UNDERSTAND THE GIST 147

Comprehensive Exam 147

he Beat Generation 149

istening Exercise 1 152

n Engineering Course 152

he Grade Report 152

akes 153

eteorology 153

KILL 2 UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS 154

he Giotto Spacecraft Mission 154

nternships 156

istening Exercise 2 158

Parking Sticker 158

Drama Class 160

arly Teachers 161

old and Iron Pyrite 162

istening Review Exercise（Skills 1-2） 163

n Anthropology Paper 163

RAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING 164

KILL 3 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION 164

n Assignment Question 164

ocial Media 167

istening Exercise 3 170

he Library 170

he Transcript 171

possum Defense Mechanisms 172

iant Impact Theory 173

KILL 4 UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKERS STANCE 175

hess Club 175

wo Theories about Yosemite 178

istening Exercise 4 181

ourse Load 181

Questionnaire 181

roquois Houses 182

ail 182

istening Exercise（Skills 3-4） 183

merican History and the Fugio Coin 183

istening Review Exercise（Skills 1-4） 185

ibernation 185

ONNECTING INFORMATION 187

KILL 5 UNDERSTAND THE ORGANIZATION 187

ivers 187

larence Darrow 190

istening Exercise 5 193

ropism 193

ossils 194

nimal Empathy 195

ractures 196

KILL 6 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS：INFERENCES AND DRAWING CONCLUSIONS 198

n Engineering Tutor 198

ife on Mars 200

istening Exercise 6 203

Placement Test 203

Term Paper 203

onditioning 204

n Economic Theory Presentation 205

istening Exercise（Skills 5-6） 206

he Colonization of Carolina 206

istening Review Exercise（Skills 1-6） 208

eaf Arrangements 208

ISTENING POST-TEST 210

he Music Project 211

he Great Lakes 212

ECTION THREE：SPEAKING 215

PEAKING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 216

erson You Admire 217

acation Preferences 217

egistering for Classes 217

onverbal Communication 218

Problem in French Class 218

cholocation 219

PEAKING OVERVIEW 220

PEAKING SKILLS 226

PEAKING QUESTIONS 1 AND 2：INDEPENDENT SPEAKING QUESTIONS 226

PEAKING QUESTION 1：FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 226

KILL 1 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 227

peaking Exercise 1 230

est Way to Learn English 230

hich Person Helped the Most 230

Place You Enjoy 231

n Activity You Do Not Enjoy 231

our Favorite Day 231

Kind of Movie You Do Not Enjoy 231

dvice About Your City 231

n Important Decision 232

Purchase You Regret 232

mportant Qualities In Renting an Apartment 232

KILL 2 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 232

peaking Exercise 2 236

peaking Review Exercise（Skills 1-2） 236

n Interesting Job 236

ge of Marriage 236

est City Investments 236

lasses You Do Not Enjoy 236

ost Important Thing You Own 236

PEAKING QUESTION 2：PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 237

KILL 3 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 237

peaking Exercise 3 240

irst-Year Residences 241

ating at Home or Eating Out 241

riving Age Under or Over 18 241

ore Money or Less Hours 241

ducation or Play for Young Children 242

road or Specific Knowledge for Job Market 242

tudy Alone or with Friends 242

earn by Watching or Doing 242

ew Classroom or New Computers 243

uick or Slow Decision-Making 243

KILL 4 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 243

peaking Exercise 4 247

peaking Review Exercise（Skills 3-4） 247

eacher Mistakes 247

aking Chances or Playing It Safe 247

xam Types 247

rt as Entertainment or Expression of Ideas 247

iring Employees 248

PEAKING QUESTIONS 3 AND 4：INTEGRATED QUESTIONS（READING,LISTENING AND SPEAKING） 248

PEAKING QUESTION 3：CAMPUS-BASED INTEGRATED READING,LISTENING,AND SPEAKING 248

KILL 5 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 248

peaking Exercise 5 250

icycle Parking on Campus 251

ookstore Policy 251

olicy on Late Assignments 252

KILL 6 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 252

peaking Exercise 6 256

icycle Parking on Campus 256

ookstore Policy 256

olicy on Late Assignments 257

KILL 7 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 257

peaking Exercise 7 261

KILL 8 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 261

peaking Exercise 8 265

peaking Review Exercise（Skills 5-8） 265

itness Rooms on Campus 265

PEAKING QUESTION 4：ACADEMIC SETTING INTEGRATED READING,LISTENING,AND SPEAKING 266

KILL 9 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 267

peaking Exercise 9 269

otspots 269

lection Polling 270

ong-term Memory 270

KILL 10 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 271

peaking Exercise 10 274

otspots 274

lection Polling 275

ong-term Memory 275

KILL 11 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 276

peaking Exercise 11 279

KILL 12 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 279

peaking Exercise 12 283

peaking Review Exercise（Skills 9-12） 283

ranscendentalism 283

PEAKING QUESTIONS 5 AND 6：INTEGRATED QUESTIONS（LISTENING AND SPEAKING） 284

PEAKING QUESTION 5：CAMPUS-BASED INTEGRATED LISTENING AND SPEAKING 284

KILL 13 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 285

peaking Exercise 13 289

Computer Crash 289

ecture Notes 289

oommate Problem 289

KILL 14 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 290

peaking Exercise 14 293

KILL 15 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 294

peaking Exercise 15 298

peaking Review Exercise（Skills 13-15） 298

reparing for Exams 298

PEAKING QUESTION 6：ACADEMIC INTEGRATED LISTENING AND SPEAKING 299

KILL 16 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 299

peaking Exercise 16 303

wo Solutions To Reduce Pollution 303

reative Problem Solving 304

rigins of Polynesians 304

KILL 17 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 305

peaking Exercise 17 308

KILL 18 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 309

peaking Exercise 18 313

peaking Review Exercise（Skills 16-18） 313

tructure of Proteins 313

PEAKING POST-TEST 314

mportant Characteristics of a Neighborhood 315

etting News 315

Cafeteria Problem 315

ocial Learning Environments 316

Class Schedule Problem 317

ife Outside the Habitable Zone 317

ECTION FOUR：WRITING 319

RITING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 320

eforestation 321

News Story 322

RITING OVERVIEW 323

RITING SKILLS 326

RITING QUESTION 1：INTEGRATED TASK 326

KILL 1 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 326

riting Exercise 1 328

omeschooling 328

hysical Education 329

ewspapers 329

KILL 2 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 330

riting Exercise 2 334

omeschooling 334

hysical Education 334

ewspapers 335

KILL 3 PLAN A POINT-BY-POINT RESPONSE USING YOUR NOTES 335

riting Exercise 3 340

KILL 4 WRITE A POINT-BY-POINT RESPONSE USING YOUR PLAN 340

riting Exercise 4 343

KILL 5 USE AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO WRITE YOUR RESPONSE 343

riting Exercise 5 346

KILL 6 WRITE A TOPIC STATEMENT AND CONCLUSION 346

opic Statement 346

onclusion 347

riting Exercise 6 349

KILL 7 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 350

riting Exercise 7 350

anagement Styles 350

rade or Vocational Schools 351

KILL 8 REVIEW GRAMMAR 351

riting Exercise 8 351

merican English Spelling 351

versive Conditioning 352

riting Review Exercise（Skills 1-8） 352

tonehenge 352

RITING QUESTION 2：INDEPENDENT TASK 353

KILL 9 DECODE THE ESSAY PROMPTS 353

riting Exercise 9 355

elieving Stress 355

Famous Place to Visit 356

ctions or Words 356

ourself Today and Five Years Ago 356

eam or Individual Sports 356

hange Your School 356

haracteristics of a Good Teacher 357

ersonal Development and Travel 357

earning a New Language 357

he TOEFL iBT？Test 357

KILL 10 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE：OUTLINING 357

riting Exercise 10 359

KILL 11 WRITE UNIFIED SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 360

riting Exercise 11 361

KILL 12 CONNECT THE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 362

riting Exercise 12 364

KILL 13 WRITE THE INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION 367

ntroduction 367

onclusion 368

riting Exercise 13 369

KILL 14 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 370

riting Exercise 14 371

eam Sports 371

KILL 15 REVIEW GRAMMAR 371

riting Exercise 15 372

niversity and High School Studies 372

riting Review Exercise（Skills 9-15） 372

motions 372

RITING POST-TEST 373

strology 374

afe or Sorry 375

INI-TESTS 377

INI-TEST 1 377

eading The Lost Gold 378

istening Science Lab 381

he“Little House”Books 382

peaking Leader of the Country 385

istory Films 385

ormation of Glaciers 386

riting Brand Awareness 388

INI-TEST 2 389

eading Birth Order 390

istening Confused Assignment 394

ross-Dating 395

peaking Full Night's Sleep or Naps 397

eadership Roles 397

ousing 398

riting Historical Event 400

INI-TEST 3 401

eading Ketchup 402

istening Biology Class 406

em Cuts 407

peaking Hometown 410

inals Week 410

rammar Rules 411

riting Scientific Management 413

INI-TEST 4 414

eading Estuaries 415

istening A Bad Grade 419

ountains 420

peaking Discovering New Places 423

ullification 423

nternship 424

riting Working for Others 426

INI-TEST 5 427

eading Schizophrenia 428

istening Scholarship 432

tolls 433

peaking Hard Work or Luck 436

niversity Course Requirement 436

ero-Sum Games 437

riting Pros and Cons of Homeschooling 439

INI-TEST 6 441

eading Exxon Valdez 442

istening Challenging a Professor's View 446

arn Owl Hearing 447

peaking Characteristics of a Good Leader 450

ormation of the Solar System 450

Problem Getting to Class 451

riting Visitors to Your Country 453

INI-TEST 7 454

eading Plate Tectonics 455

istening Group Project 459

e Trumpet 460

peaking Studying English 463

arking 463

IMBY 464

riting Economy and Shopping Centers 466

INI-TEST 8 467

eading Limners 468

istening Graduation Requirements 472

arbon 473

peaking Big Party 476

reud and Dreams 476

ealthy Living 477

riting Violence in Movies 479

OMPLETE TESTS 481

OMPLETE TEST 1 481

eading 1 Prehistoric Astronomers 482

eading 2 Truman and the Railroads 485

eading 3 Mathematical Bases 488

istening Student Newspaper 492

he Great Salt Lake 493

leenex 494

xam Grade 495

awaii 496

hree-Mile Island 498

peaking Most Important Quality 500

iction or Nonfiction 500

pring Show 500

reat Ape Communication 501

readed Science Class 502

ercantilism 503

riting Performance Enhancing Drugs 506

amily Traditions 507

OMPLETE TEST 2 509

eading 1 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Painting 510

eading 2 The Neanderthals 513

eading 3 The Silent Era 516

istening Grade Report 520

ashington,D.C. 521

archment 522

he Giant Squid 523

olution Caves 524

he Compound Eye 526

peaking Advice for Parents 528

uying Electronics 528

usiness Internships 528

eed for Affiliation 529

et Sitter 530

nimals in Groups 531

riting Marco Polo 533

thlete's Salaries 534

PPENDIX：GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURE 535

ohesion 535

entence Structure 543

rror Correction（Grammar） 550

IAGNOSIS,ASSESSMENT,AND SCORING 589

verall Scores 590

eading Diagnosis and Scoring 591

istening Diagnosis and Scoring 595

peaking Assessment and Scoring 599

riting Assessment and Scoring 609

ECORDING SCRIPT 615

NSWER KEY 708

PPENDIX ANSWER KEY 730